European Competition Law
Auteur : Louis Vogel
Sommaire de l’ouvrage
General Introduction
Part 1: Introduction
Title 1: Field of application
I: Restriction of competition
A: Agreement
B: Decisions of associations of undertakings
C: Concerted practices
D: Complex infringements
1°: Principle of freedom of evidence
b): Corroborating factors
3°: Burden of proof
III: Several undertakings
Section 2: Limits of the prohibition
Chapter 2: Applications
Title 3: Abuse of dominant position
Title 4: Impact of intellectual property rights
Part 3: Procedure
Part 4: Mergers
Part 5: State aid
60. Parallel behavior
1 minute de lecture
Where there is no direct evidence of concerted action, EU law will accept presumptive evidence, i.e. the possibility of establishing the existence of a concerted practice (unknown fact) from the observation of the parallel behavior of undertakings on the market (known fact) . However, parallel conduct is not enough in itself to characterize a concerted practice . Thus, the sole fact that rebates g …
