Introduction

Role of the parties

Role of judge

Contentious matters

Concept

Powers of the judge

Principle of adversarial proceedings

Non-contentious matters

Underlying principles of civil proceedings

Right to bring civil action

Abuse of the right to bring proceedings

Type of action

Concept of action

Interest in bringing proceedings

Standing

Rules governing action

Legal action

Initial claim

Counterclaim

Additional claim

Intervention

Incidental claim

Interruption of limitation period

Application to file suit (demande en justice)

Defense on the merits

Procedural objections (exceptions de procédure)

Procedural bars to admissibility (fins de non-recevoir)

Defenses

Nature of claim

Amount of the claim

Jurisdiction ratione materiae

Principles

Exceptional territorial jurisdiction

Extension of jurisdiction

Territorial jurisdiction

Competent court

Formal requirements

Substantive requirements

Presentation of the QPC (Question prioritaire de constitutionnalité)

Referral to Court of Cassation

Referral to Constitutional Council

Referral of the QPC

Investigation procedure

Conduct of hearing

Decision of the Constitutional Council

Proceedings before Constitutional Council

Priority question of constitutionality (QPC)

Simplified case preparation procedure

Participative procedure for case preparation purposes

Extra-judicial case preparation

Recourse to technical expert

Agreements on extra-judicial case preparation (mise en état)

Disclosure of exhibits

Production of documents

Exhibits

Common provisions for investigations

Rules specific to each investigation

Investigative measures

Disputes concerning private deeds (actes sous seing privé)

Forgery procedure against authentic instruments

Challenges to documentary evidence

Oath sworn as decisive evidence

Oath tendered by way of supplementation

Judicial oath

Administration of evidence

Hearings

Deliberations

Judgment

Formation

Judgment after adversarial proceedings

Judgment by default or judgment after trial

Contentious or non-contentious judgment

Judgment on the merits or provisional ruling (avant dire droit)

Combined judgment

Provisional judgment

Judgment in fast track proceedings

Types

Joinder and severance of proceedings

Interruption of proceedings

Suspension of proceedings

Discontinuance of proceedings (extinction)

Procedural incidents

Plea of lack of jurisdiction

Recusal/Dismissal for legitimate suspicion

Challenging the judge's competence

General rules

Voluntary intervention

Compulsory intervention

Joinder in proceedings (intervention)

Existence of a judgment

Same subject matter, cause, and parties

Authority of res judicata

General conditions of enforcement

Provisional enforcement

Grace period

Enforcement of the judgment

Bearing of costs

Order to pay non-recoverable costs

Verification/Recovery

Claims/Disputes

Costs and expenses

Ordinary remedies

Extraordinary remedies

Remedies

Judgments

Calculation of time-limits

Acts of judicial commissioners

Service of documents

Ordinary notification

Notification between lawyers

International notification

Place of notification

Notification

Communication by electronic means

Procedural acts

1. Ordinary Law of Civil Procedure

In domestic law, case law requires the court to ex officio raise mandatory public policy provisions . The First Civil Chamber of the Court of Cassation has thus specified that “the violation of the mandatory public policy provisions of the Consumer Code may be raised by the court” . This is also the case for the mandatory public policy provisions of Law No 85-677 of 5 July 1985 aimed at improving  …

Mandatory public policy provisions

In domestic law, case law requires the court to ex officio raise mandatory public policy provisions . The First Civil Chamber of the Court of Cassation has thus specified that “the violation of the mandatory public policy provisions of the Consumer Code may be raised by the court” . This is also the case for the mandatory public policy provisions of Law No 85-677 of 5 July 1985 aimed at improving the situation of victims of traffic accidents and accelerating compensation procedures, known as the Badinter Law .

On the other hand, the trial courts, when seized on the basis of a rule of law, do not raise any grounds ex officio when they apply the provisions of this text as amended by a subsequent law and supplemented by an implementing decree . Similarly, a court of appeal does not raise ex officio the ground based on the application of the rules of evidence as long as the parties have argued that a notarized receipt is valid until a claim of forgery is filed, the validity of this document as a mode of proof and the question of the application of Article 1359 of the Civil Code necessarily being at issue .

Cass. 1e civ., 19 February 2014, LawLex202200007214JBJ.

Cass. 1re civ., 22 January 2009, LawLex202200008176JBJ.

Cass. 2e civ., 5 July 2018, LawLex202200009811JBJ.

Cass. 1re civ., 16 February 1994, LawLex202200005491JBJ.

Cass. 3e civ., 25 January 1984, LawLex202200007244JBJ.

1. Ordinary Law of Civil Procedure

21. Mandatory public policy provisions

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21. Mandatory public policy provisions

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Les décisions de justice citées dans ce paragraphe :

Les notions juridiques connexes

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