Introduction

Role of the parties

Role of judge

Contentious matters

Concept

Powers of the judge

Principle of adversarial proceedings

Non-contentious matters

Underlying principles of civil proceedings

Right to bring civil action

Abuse of the right to bring proceedings

Type of action

Concept of action

Interest in bringing proceedings

Standing

Rules governing action

Legal action

Initial claim

Counterclaim

Additional claim

Intervention

Incidental claim

Interruption of limitation period

Application to file suit (demande en justice)

Defense on the merits

Procedural objections (exceptions de procédure)

Procedural bars to admissibility (fins de non-recevoir)

Defenses

Nature of claim

Amount of the claim

Jurisdiction ratione materiae

Principles

Exceptional territorial jurisdiction

Extension of jurisdiction

Territorial jurisdiction

Competent court

Formal requirements

Substantive requirements

Presentation of the QPC (Question prioritaire de constitutionnalité)

Referral to Court of Cassation

Referral to Constitutional Council

Referral of the QPC

Investigation procedure

Conduct of hearing

Decision of the Constitutional Council

Proceedings before Constitutional Council

Priority question of constitutionality (QPC)

Simplified case preparation procedure

Participative procedure for case preparation purposes

Extra-judicial case preparation

Recourse to technical expert

Agreements on extra-judicial case preparation (mise en état)

Disclosure of exhibits

Production of documents

Exhibits

Common provisions for investigations

Rules specific to each investigation

Investigative measures

Disputes concerning private deeds (actes sous seing privé)

Forgery procedure against authentic instruments

Challenges to documentary evidence

Oath sworn as decisive evidence

Oath tendered by way of supplementation

Judicial oath

Administration of evidence

Hearings

Deliberations

Judgment

Formation

Judgment after adversarial proceedings

Judgment by default or judgment after trial

Contentious or non-contentious judgment

Judgment on the merits or provisional ruling (avant dire droit)

Combined judgment

Provisional judgment

Judgment in fast track proceedings

Types

Joinder and severance of proceedings

Interruption of proceedings

Suspension of proceedings

Discontinuance of proceedings (extinction)

Procedural incidents

Plea of lack of jurisdiction

Recusal/Dismissal for legitimate suspicion

Challenging the judge's competence

General rules

Voluntary intervention

Compulsory intervention

Joinder in proceedings (intervention)

Existence of a judgment

Same subject matter, cause, and parties

Authority of res judicata

General conditions of enforcement

Provisional enforcement

Grace period

Enforcement of the judgment

Bearing of costs

Order to pay non-recoverable costs

Verification/Recovery

Claims/Disputes

Costs and expenses

Ordinary remedies

Extraordinary remedies

Remedies

Judgments

Calculation of time-limits

Acts of judicial commissioners

Service of documents

Ordinary notification

Notification between lawyers

International notification

Place of notification

Notification

Communication by electronic means

Procedural acts

1. Ordinary Law of Civil Procedure

Acquiescence consists of a party unequivocally expressing its acceptance or consent. As an incident of proceedings, it concerns either the application or the judgment. When acquiescence pertains to the application, it entails acknowledgment of the validity of the opponent's claims and waiver of the action (Art. 408, para. 1, CPC) . If it concerns the judgment, acquiescence entails submission to it …

Conditions

Acquiescence consists of a party unequivocally expressing its acceptance or consent. As an incident of proceedings, it concerns either the application or the judgment. When acquiescence pertains to the application, it entails acknowledgment of the validity of the opponent's claims and waiver of the action (Art. 408, para. 1, CPC) . If it concerns the judgment, acquiescence entails submission to its provisions and waiver of remedies unless, subsequently, another party duly files an appeal (Art. 409 CPC) . Acquiescence results in the termination of the proceedings . However, acquiescence to a judgment does not constitute a waiver of the right to request its correction due to a clerical error, if it is not established that it occurred with knowledge of the alleged error .

Whether it concerns the application or the judgment, acquiescence can be express or implied (Art. 410, para. 1, CPC). However, it must result from acts or facts clearly and unequivocally demonstrating the intention of the party against whom it is enforced to acknowledge the validity of the opponent's claims and to waive the action . This is not the case with the absence of contestation and written submissions during an oral procedure , or the failure to perform procedural acts intended to allow the examination of the case . The intention to acquiesce must be certain and unequivocal, and cannot be upheld in the case of contradictory statements . Neither does the expiration of the time limit to exercise a remedy , the referral to an administrative court following a judgment of incompetence by the Judicial Court , the notification of a judgment by the notifier , or a party's decision to defer to the court on the merits of a claim, which implies not acquiescence but a contestation of that claim . Similarly, a party's declaration of making all protests and reservations on the claim does not imply abandonment of its claims and waiver of its right to bring proceedings . Conversely, a withdrawal of appeal without reservation constitutes acquiescence to the judgment . The unconditional enforcement of a non-executable judgment also constitutes acquiescence, except in cases where it is not permitted (Art. 410, para. 2, CPC) . In this case, there is no need to determine whether the party executing the judgment intended to acquiesce . The payment of the deposit amount for expert fees and participation in the first meeting before the expert before requesting the postponement of the second and filing an appeal, constitute acts of unconditional execution of a non-executable judgment ordering an investigative measure . Conversely, since an appeal to the Court of Cassation is not suspensive, recovery or enforcement actions taken by the tax administration based on the challenged decision do not imply a presumption of acquiescence to that decision . The same applies to the request for installment payment of the penalties, which is not incompatible with the intention to exercise a remedy . Furthermore, the execution of a vitiated judgment cannot constitute acquiescence to the judgment .

Acquiescence to a claim is only permitted for rights over which the party has free disposal (Art. 408, para. 2, CPC). Acquiescence to the judgment, on the other hand, is always permitted, unless otherwise provided (Art. 409, para. 2, CPC), provided that it concerns a judgment within the meaning of Article 409, which excludes an order on ex parte application .

Cass. 3e civ., 17 December 2020, LawLex202300013909JBJ.

Cass. 1re civ., 26 November 2014, LawLex202300013585JBJ; Cass. com., 5 July 2017, LawLex202300013911JBJ; 22 November 2017, LawLex202300013912JBJ.

Cass. com., 7 February 2012, LawLex202100001640JBJ.

Cass. 1re civ., 21 October 1997, LawLex202200005297JBJ; Cass. 2e civ., 18 February 2010, LawLex202300013591JBJ; 3 June 2010, LawLex202300013588JBJ; Cass. 1re civ., 9 July 2014, LawLex202300013583JBJ.

Cass. 2e civ., 18 September 2008, LawLex202300013592JBJ.

Cass. 2e civ., 27 February 2014, LawLex202300013350JBJ.

Cass. 3e civ., 7 May 2002, LawLex202300013365JBJ; Cass. 2e civ., 8 July 2004, LawLex202300013361JBJ; 2 February 2012, LawLex202300013587JBJ; Cass. soc., 26 January 2022, LawLex202300013915JBJ.

Cass. soc., 21 January 2014, LawLex202300013914JBJ.

Cass. civ., 2e, 5 October 1988, LawLex202300013359JBJ.

Cass. 3e civ., 15 February 2006, LawLex202300013573JBJ.

Cass. 3e civ., 27 April 2017, LawLex202300013910JBJ.

Cass. 2e civ., 5 April 2007, LawLex202300013358JBJ.

Cass. 1re civ., 11 December 2008, LawLex201400000327JBJ.

Cass. 2e civ., 30 November 2016, LawLex202300010984JBJ.

Cass. 2e civ., 7 July 2011, LawLex202300009824JBJ.

Cass. 2e civ., 25 May 1994, LawLex202300013364JBJ; 3 April 2003, LawLex202300013357JBJ; 25 March 2010, LawLex202300013595JBJ; Cass. 1re civ., 16 June 2011, LawLex202300013584JBJ.

Cass. 2e civ., 25 May 1994, LawLex202300013364JBJ; 16 December 2004, LawLex202300013363JBJ.

Cass. 3e civ., 21 June 2006, LawLex202300013581JBJ.

Cass; 2e civ., 20 March 2014, LawLex202300013594JBJ.

Cass. 1re civ., 3 March 1998, LawLex200500008179JBJ; 25 January 2000, LawLex202300013356JBJ; Cass. 2e civ., 6 June 2002, LawLex202300013360JBJ.

Cass. 2e civ., 3 April 2003, LawLex202300013357JBJ.

1. Ordinary Law of Civil Procedure

231. Conditions

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Les décisions de justice citées dans ce paragraphe :

Les notions juridiques connexes

231. Conditions

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Les décisions de justice citées dans ce paragraphe :

Les notions juridiques connexes

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