1. Ordinary Law of Civil Procedure

Defenses allow the adversary to respond to the claim initiated by their opponent. They are of two types: defenses on the merits and procedural defenses. The former are often presented as direct means to dismiss the opposing claim, while the latter are considered indirect defenses. Defenses on the merits, governed by Articles 71 and following of the Code of Civil Procedure, aim to definitively dism …