Introduction

Matrix organization

Mergers by absorption

Risks related to the expansion of the scope of criminal liability of legal entities

Validity conditions

Proof of delegation

Exemption from individual liability of delegator

Attribution of offense to legal entity

Delegations of authority

Criminal risk management within business organizations

Complicity in crimes against humanity

Breaches of secrecy

Personal data breaches

Theft

Extortion

Blackmail

Fraud

Misappropriation

Receiving/concealment of unlawfully obtained property (recel)

Attacks on automated data processing systems

Money laundering

Misappropriation by public official (concussion)

Corruption and influence peddling

Unlawful acquisition of an interest

Favoritism

Forgery and use of forgeries

Violation of Criminal Code

Offenses under the Monetary and Financial Code

Offenses under the Commercial Code

Environmental Code violations

Offenses arising from other codes

Types of offenses

Offenses under the Criminal Code, the Commercial Code, or the Environmental Code, Criminal procedure

White Collar Crime (en cours)

Article L. 220-2 of the Environmental Code defines air pollution as “the introduction by humans, directly or indirectly, into the atmosphere and enclosed spaces, of substances having harmful consequences likely to endanger human health, harm biological resources and ecosystems, influence climate change, deteriorate material goods, and cause excessive olfactory nuisances.”
When installations or str …

Protection of air and the atmosphere

Article L. 220-2 of the Environmental Code defines air pollution as “the introduction by humans, directly or indirectly, into the atmosphere and enclosed spaces, of substances having harmful consequences likely to endanger human health, harm biological resources and ecosystems, influence climate change, deteriorate material goods, and cause excessive olfactory nuisances.”

When installations or structures are operated, objects and devices are used, or works, operations, activities, or developments are carried out without having obtained the required authorization, registration, approval, certification, or declaration, or without considering an enforcement of declaration, the competent administrative authority may order the party concerned to regularize the situation (Art. L. 171-7 or L. 171-8 Environmental Code).

The offense of air pollution punished by Article L. 226-9 of the Environmental Code  consists, for an industrial, commercial, agricultural, or service undertaking, of emitting polluting substances constituting atmospheric pollution, in violation of a formal notice issued pursuant to Articles L. 171-7 or L. 171-8. The perpetrator is subject to two years of imprisonment and a fine of 75,000 EUR.

The offense was initially provided for by Law No 96-1236 of 30 December 1996 on air and the rational use of energy.

White Collar Crime (en cours)

217. Protection of air and the atmosphere

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Les notions juridiques connexes

217. Protection of air and the atmosphere

Demandez un accès gratuit au contenu exclusif Livv – juristes d’entreprise

Les notions juridiques connexes

Demandez un accès gratuit
au contenu exclusif Livv – juristes d’entreprise